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Cyrtandra procera

Hillebr. (1888)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Lamiales Family: Gesneriaceae Genus: Cyrtandra

ha‘iwale [haiwale], kanawao ke‘oke‘o [kanawao keokeo]

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs 1–2(–4) m tall.

Stems: Stems unbranched or sometimes few–branched, rounded to angular, pubescent with multicellular hairs or glabrate.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Whorled, 4–6 per node, borne on upper 5–10 nodes. Those leaves at a node unequal, symmetrical, elliptic–oblong to narrowly elliptic, 5.5–17 cm long, 0.7–2.5 cm wide. Apex long-acuminate. Base attenuate to auriculate-clasping. Upper surfaces glossy and glabrous; lower surfaces densely to moderately velvety short–pilose to hirtellous, sometimes pubescence nearly confined to the veins, the hairs dark rust–colored; blades thick and somewhat coriaceous. Margins serrulate and strongly revolute. Petioles 0–3 cm long, base sometimes clasping the stem or perfoliate. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers pendent, 1–2 in cymes arising in the leaf axils, densely appressed hirtellous, peduncles stout, 2–8 mm long, pedicels stout, 16–36 mm long, bracts linear-lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, distinct or occastionally connate, 5–7 mm long. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx 2–5(6)-lobed, nearly actinomorphic, green, 12–18 mm long, cleft to base, the lobes oblong–lanceolate, densely to sparsely appressed villous, glabrous within, apex acute, deciduous or persistent in fruit. Corolla usually bilabiate, white, tube narrowly funnelform, curved, 16–20 mm long, ca. 5–6 mm in diameter medially, nearly glabrous to densely villous, upper lip 2-lobed, lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes imbricate in budm upper lobes rhombic–orbicular, ca. 5–7 mm long, 5.5–2.5 mm wide, lower lobes very broadly ovate, 6–11 mm long, 5–9 mm wide. Stamens 5, inserted about halfway up corolla tube, the 2 upper Stamens fertile, others staminodial, +/– with abortive anthers; fertile anthers coherent positioned in throat of corolla tube, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits or occasionally by apical pores. Ovary superior, oblong–ovoid, 2-carpellate, 1-celled, placentation parietal, placentas 2, ± intruded, rarely joined in center and dividing ovary into 2 cells; ovules numerous, anatropous, glabrous, apex rounded or with a stylar beak; style 8–9 mm long, glabrous; stigma capitate, 2-lobed, lobes usually elliptic.

Fruit: Fruit a fleshy or firm berry; white; ovoid; 1.2–1.4 cm long; glabrous; often tipped by the persistent stylar beak. Seeds unknown.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Occurring in wet forest.

Elevation Range: 1,130–1,270 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Molokai Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Fl. Hawaiian Isl.: 329 (1888)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:775 (Mo)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Cyrtandra procera Molokai Rainforest, SW of Kaunuohua Preserved_Specimen Shrub 8' tall. Infl. Pendant. Davis, J. 798 Molokai BISH 1982-05-23
2 Cyrtandra procera head of Waikolu Valley, Hanalilolilo Preserved_Specimen 1 m bush, sparingly branched St.John, H. 12407 Molokai BISH 1932-12-21
3 Cyrtandra procera Molokai Upper forest bog Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 563 Molokai BISH 1916-06-05
4 Cyrtandra procera Pali of Pelekunu Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Molokai BISH
5 Cyrtandra procera Near Pelekunu, above Kamalo Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 10341 Molokai BISH 1910-03-01
6 Cyrtandra procera Above Pelekunu Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 368 Molokai BISH 1916-06-05
7 Cyrtandra procera Preserved_Specimen Davis, J. 59 Molokai BISH 1978-10-08
8 Cyrtandra procera Kalaupapa NHP, Puu Alii 2, Pelekunu rim trail, nr intersect trans 3 and FBS4b Preserved_Specimen Shrub, w/ whorled leave at upper portion of stem, occasional Wysong, M.L. 677 Molokai BISH 2005-03-23
9 Cyrtandra procera Pepeopae-Pelekunu trail, 100' from overlook Preserved_Specimen Miyasaki 11 Molokai BISH
10 Cyrtandra procera head of Waikolu Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 14077 Molokai BISH 1918-05-27
11 Cyrtandra procera Pali of Pelekunu Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Molokai BISH
12 Cyrtandra procera ridge below Kalapamoa Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 444 Molokai BISH 1912-08-01
13 Cyrtandra procera Hanalilolilo, near Pepeopae Rainforest Preserved_Specimen Shrub 1-2 m ht. Corolla tube slightly curved, 17 mm long. Calyx lobes unequal, lanceolate, 12 mm long, divided to the base. Nagata, K.M. 2691 Molokai BISH 1983-07-28
14 Cyrtandra procera Puu o Kaeha, Kawela Swampy forest Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 12459 Molokai BISH 1932-12-23
15 Cyrtandra procera South-west slope of Puu Alii, Kawela Rain forest Preserved_Specimen 2 m. shrub, leaves revolute, above dark green, below pale green St.John, H. 19931 Molokai BISH 1938-12-31
16 Cyrtandra procera Nualele [sp?] Valley dark gulch Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 22211 Molokai BISH 1952-03-18
17 Cyrtandra procera Kahananui Ahupuaa, East Molokai, south of Wailau Valley along ridge below Pakui. Transect 10, Station 7. Wet ohia forest with other native trees and a native shrub-matted fern understory. Preserved_Specimen 1+ cm dia, 120 cm tall. Warshauer, F.R. 2385 Molokai BISH 1979-07-11
18 Cyrtandra procera Molokai; Kamakou Preserve, near Pelekunu rim, between Pepeopoe boardwalk trail and Pelekunu rim Metrosideros wet forest with Cheiordendron, Broussaisia, Sadleria, Peperomia ssp., Vaccinium, Asplenium acuminatum, Dryopteris wallichiana, Hedyotis terminalis, Dubautia laxa, Coprosma, Cibotium, Myrsine, Astelia Preserved_Specimen Common plant scattered through forest, shrubs 2-3 m ht; leaves in whorls, upper surface glabrous, lower densely velvety pilose, hairs dark rust colored, margins serrulate, revolute; flowers pendant 1-2 cymes, calyx cleft to base, apiculate Perlman, S. 18226 Molokai BISH 2002-08-21
19 Cyrtandra procera Head of Waikolu Valley, Hanalilolilo wet forest Preserved_Specimen 6 ft. shrub St.John, H. 12405 Molokai BISH 1932-12-21
20 Cyrtandra procera Along trail to Pepeopae Bog Rain forest, dense shade. Preserved_Specimen Erect shrub up to 1.75 m. Fls. white; no fruit. Davis, J. 59 Molokai BISH 1978-10-08
21 Cyrtandra procera head of Waikolu valley, Hanalilolilo-Pepeopae ridge, Kawela swampy rain forest Preserved_Specimen 6' shrub, flowers white; fruit ovoid, white, smooth St.John, H. 12588 Molokai BISH 1932-12-25
22 Cyrtandra procera Pepeopae forest Preserved_Specimen Cranwell, L.M. 2512 Molokai BISH 1938-07-06
23 Cyrtandra procera Kamoku Flats Moist, shaded hillside Preserved_Specimen Shrub 3-4 feet; but rarely blooming; corolla white, waxy Crosby, M.R. 1640 Molokai BISH 1964-07-03
24 Cyrtandra procera Hanalilolilo, head of Waikolu Valley; valley E. of tunnel on pipe line trail Stream Bank in rain forest Preserved_Specimen 2 m. shrub St.John, H. 23396 Molokai BISH 1948-12-19
25 Cyrtandra procera Kaluaaha headwaters, near rim of Wailau Valley Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Broussaisia, Myrsine, Vaccinium, Ilex, Scaevola, Dubautia, Kadua, Clermontia, Cyrtandra, Pittosporum, Alyxia, Cibotium, Astelis, Sticherus, Melicope, Dicranopteris, Sadleria, Labordia, Polypodium, Coprosma, Adenophorus, Lycopodiella, Elaphoglossuum, Peperomia, Tibouchina, Clidemia, Rubus, Sacciolepis. Preserved_Specimen Occasional, mostly unbranched shrubs 1.5m tall. Oppenheimer, H.L. 11604 Molokai BISH 2016-01-07
26 Cyrtandra procera Southwest of Kaunuohua Epiphytic onfallen ohia in boggy area, with Coprosma, Broussaisia, and Anoectochilus. Preserved_Specimen Succulent shrub 5 feet tall, epiphytic. Leaves with revolute margins. Anderson, S.J. 512 Molokai BISH 1982-05-20
27 Cyrtandra procera Kamakou Preserve, forest above Puu Kolekole cabin Closed Metrosideros forest with understory of Cheirodendron, Pelea, Cibotium, and Rubus hawaiensis. Preserved_Specimen Terrestrial shrub 8 ft, tall; Flowers white; no fruit present. Cuddihy, L.W. 1105 Molokai BISH 1982-05-20
28 Cyrtandra procera Southwest of Kaunuohua Epiphytic on fallen `ohi`a in boggy area, with Coprosma, Broussaisia, and Anoectochilus. Preserved_Specimen Succulent shrub 5 ft. tall. Leaves with revolute margins. Anderson, S.J. 512 Molokai BISH 1982-05-20
29 Cyrtandra procera SW of Kaunuohua Metrosideros, Cibotium, Cheirodendron, Pittosporum, Gouldia, Labordia, Broussaisia, Athyrium sandwichianum, Freycinetia, Astelia Preserved_Specimen 8' shrub, 6' spread; white fruit, apex narrowed to beak Davis, J. 798 Molokai BISH 1982-05-23
30 Cyrtandra procera Kahananui Ahupuaa, East Molokai, south of Wailau Valley along ridge below Pakui. Transect 10, Station 7. Wet ohia forest with other native trees and a native shrub-matted fern understory. Preserved_Specimen 1+ cm dia, 120 cm tall. Warshauer, F.R. 2385 Molokai BISH 1979-07-11
31 Cyrtandra procera Head of Waikolu, Hanalilolilo, ditch trail Rain forest Preserved_Specimen 1.5 m. tall; lvs. fleshy, revolute, in 4's; calyx green; corolla white. St.John, H. 25223 Molokai BISH 1953-12-24
32 Cyrtandra procera Kalaupapa NHP, Puu Alii 2, SW section of reserve, Hanalilolilo Metrosideros-Cheirodendron montane wet forest in thick fern understory Preserved_Specimen cf. C. procera x C. grayana, shrub, 1 m tall, few branched stems gray, leaves dark green, corolla white Wood, K.R. 11243 Molokai BISH 2005-04-26
33 Cyrtandra procera Head of Waikolu, Hanalilolilo, ditch trail Rain forest Preserved_Specimen 1.5 m. tall; lvs. fleshy, revolute, in 4's; calyx green; corolla white. St.John, H. 25233 Molokai BISH 1953-12-24
34 Cyrtandra procera Kalaupapa NHP, Puu Alii 2, Pelekunu rim below rim trail, 300 m S of park fence Preserved_Specimen Small, occasional shrub Wysong, M.L. 658 Molokai BISH 2005-03-22
35 Cyrtandra procera Hanalilolilo, head of Waikolu Valley, valley E of tunnel onpope line trail Stream Bank in rain forest Preserved_Specimen 2 m. shrub St.John, H. 23396 Molokai BISH 1948-12-19
36 Cyrtandra procera Puaahala ahupuaa, Kalapamoa Ridge, below Kamaoa helicopter landing zone; between Wawaia drainage basin and Keawanui. Vegetation: Metrosideros/Acacia Montane Mesic/Wet forest Preserved_Specimen Epiphytic on mossy Metrossideros; stems green. Oppenheimer, H.L. 51524 Molokai BISH 2015-05-19
37 Cyrtandra procera Nualele [sp?] Valley dark gulch Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 22211 Molokai BISH 1952-03-18
38 Cyrtandra procera Puu Alii to Ohialele, Pelekunu Valley rim Metrosideros polymorpha, Cheirodendron, Coprosma, Clermontia pallida, Labordia, Pritchardia lowreyana, Sadleria, Cibotium, Hedyotis, Dubautia laxa, Ilex, Liparis, Myrsine, Melicope, Cyanea solenocalyx Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 10658 Molokai BISH 1989-01-23
39 Cyrtandra procera Kamoku, between Puu Alii and Pepeopae bog forest, wet, Metrosideros Preserved_Specimen ~2.5 m shrub; flower white; unripe fruit green Kiehn, M. 94090131 Molokai BISH 1995-01-01
40 Cyrtandra procera Kamakou Preserve, Hanalilolilo Trail to Pepeopae Bog Bog Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 4914 Molokai BISH 1983-07-30
41 Cyrtandra procera Kalaupapa; trail, Puu Alii, gulch below Preserved_Specimen perennial shrub Wysong, M.L. 393 Molokai BISH 2004-10-27
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